Heart disease, its causes, risk, and prevention learn in detail.
Nowadays, we know heart disease as a prevalent disease. Heart disease ranks as one of the top causes of sudden death worldwide. People commonly refer to it as a heart attack. Medical science refers to it as Cardiovascular disease (CVD). Though medical science has made significant advances, cardiovascular disease prevalence continues to rise. Its poses a formidable challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. But let’s learn in detail without fear. In this article, we will learn more about cardiovascular disease, its risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and contemporary methods of prevention and treatment.
Heart disease defination learn in details…
In general, any disease related to the heart is called heart disease. For example, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, high blood pressure heart disease, heart failure, respiratory failure, valvular disease, etc., fall under heart disease. Diseases mainly related to the cardiovascular system, brain, chest, and peripheral arteries are called heart diseases.cardiovascular disease can be congenital. Maybe even after growing up. People usually suffer from heart attacks when the regular heart rate is too low or too high. It can happen at any age.
Heart disease causes learn in details
Inside the heart are two small arteries called coronary arteries. They help the heart to function or provide nutrients to the heart. Accumulation of fat in these arteries blocks the flow of blood. As a result, the heart muscle does not work in the area where the artery delivers blood nutrients. That’s when the heart attack happened. People who smoke and suffer from diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol are at higher risk of heart. A family history of coronary artery disease or ischemic disease increases the risk for others in the family. Anyone can suffer from heart disease. Although the onset is in adolescence, the disease usually manifests in middle age. Men are more prone to heart disease, but women are also at increased risk of heart attack as they age.
Heart disease Risk factors and pathophysiology:
Adequate blood and oxygen power the heart muscle. When an artery narrows, lack of blood flow kills the heart muscle tissue, which results in a blockage of blood flow in arteries (coronary)) , a significant cause of heart attacks. Over time, fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits form plaque in the heart’s arteries. Blood clots block the arteries. Therefore, the heart muscle experiences over stress and damage to restore blood flow. This happens because high blood pressure affects the heart more significantly, leading to hypertrophy and, eventually, heart failure.
Obesity or lack of insulin in the blood causes another form of cardiac disease. Smoking is another harmful cause of heart disease. Cigarette smoke contains numerous toxins that cause endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Consequently, they dry and harden the arteries, increasing the risk of thrombosis. Genetic factors cause another form of cardiovascular disease – familial hypercholesterolemia.
Heart disease symptoms:
Heart disease usually causes excruciating pain in the chest. Also, sweat and body feel bad. Chest pain along with sweating, difficulty in breathing, headache, all these symptoms indicate that the patient has had a heart attack. Can also catch jhinjhin in your hands and feet. Women may have unusual symptoms, such as a brief or sharp neck, arm, or back pain. Sometimes, the first symptom of a heart attack is a sudden cardiac arrest. But many have warning signs and symptoms hours, days, or weeks earlier. Chest pain or pressure (angina) that occurs constantly and does not go away with rest can be an early warning sign.Angina is sometimes caused by blood flow to the heart.
During a heart attack, plaque breaks (ruptures) from the artery wall and can form a clot. It can block blood flow through the arteries and damage the heart muscle.
Heart attack how to first aid learn in details
If the person isn’t breathing or you can’t find a pulse,
Start CPR if the person is unconscious to keep the blood flowing after you call for emergency medical help.
If the patient is conscious, the loading dose should be given if near aspirin + atorvastatin + clopidogrel is a three-drug combination with antacids. Physicians generally use four variables to calculate loading doses.
Cp = desired maximum concentration of drug
Vd = volume of drug distribution in the body
F = Bioavailability
S = Fraction of drug salt form, which is an active drug.
But we can give these medicines in an emergency.
Clopid AS- 75gm – 4 tab
Atorvastatin 10 gm – 1 tab
Esomeprazole 20 gm – 1 tab
It should be remembered that whatever you do, hospitalization of the patient cannot be delayed because safe treatment of heart attack is possible only in the hospital.
Ways to stay healthy from cardiovascular disease learn more:
Heart disease is not a contagious or bacterial disease. With a bit of awareness, this disease is preventable in most cases.
The exact cause of coronary heart disease is not known. However, excess blood fat, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes increase the risk of coronary disease (heart attack) and are the main risk factors.
Cholesterol is the biggest enemy of heart disease, so keep the blood cholesterol level down. Do not sit in one place for long.
Avoid fatty and spicy foods.
Smoking is the enemy of heart disease. So, avoid smoking altogether.
Drugs are also another cause of heart disease, so say no to drugs.
Don’t worry too much. Try to keep yourself calm. stay well
Take the doctor’s advice from time to time. Try to keep your blood pressure regular.
Try to keep diabetes under control. Keep yourself healthy by walking and exercising regularly.
Eat plenty of vegetables.
Conclusion:
If you are born, you must die. It is the rule of destiny. Still, among the 15 causes of death, according to the Bureau of Statistics, heart disease or heart attack is at the top of all deaths.
Heart disease or heart attack is a silent killer. Anyone can fall victim to it at any time. Lack of exercise, unhealthy diet, and irregular lifestyle increase the risk of heart attack. Knowing these signs can save a life. I am grateful for writing this article to my respected teachers, Dr. Danial Haque (cardiologist) Delta Hospital Limited and Dr. Sakulur Rahman (Dr. M R Khan Shishu Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Mirpur-2, Dhaka.) To my beloved educational institution, HRTD (HRTD Medical Institute), and its proprietor, Mr. Shariful Islam Sarkar. Everyone should know about medicine or general treatment, so at least acquire general knowledge.
Author:
Md, Abdul Aziz (DMDS)
Content writer